Dados antropométricos

Quem faz design de ambientes e/ou de produto é confrontado, no seu dia-a-dia, com a dificuldade em obter dados antropométricos fiáveis e actuais da população.

É certo que existem diversos manuais publicados, onde os dados antropométricos estão disponíveis. O problema é que a maioria se refere a estudos feitos em outras populações, que não a Portuguesa, e muitos deles já são bastante antigos. Como sabemos, as dimensões humanas estão sujeitas a grande variabilidade, graças a factores endógenos e exógenos, sendo a época um dos mais influentes. Daí, a necessidade de dados actualizados.

Nesse sentido, para facilitar o trabalho de pesquisa, a quem necessita de dados antropométricos, aqui fica uma lista de referências e recursos "on-line" sobre esta temática.

Caso queiram contribuir para melhorar esta pequena base de dados, enviem-nos as vossas referências, ou links, para o nosso e-mail. Assim, poderemos melhorar e actualizar esta informação.

# Estudos antropométricos da população portuguesa:

Barroso, M., Arezes, P.M., Costa, L.G. & Miguel, A.S. (2005), Anthropometric study of Portuguese workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 35, 401–410

Castro, M., (2002), Recomendações para a Concepção de Mobiliário para o Primeiro Ciclo de Escolaridade, Tese de Mestrado. Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal.

Grupo de Engenharia Humana (2002), Estudo Antropométrico da População Portuguesa – 3.ª parte. Relatório final do projecto n.º 012JMS/01, Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho, Lisboa.

Padez, C. (2002). Stature and stature distribution in Portuguese male adults 1904-1998. The role of environmental factors. American Journal of Human Biology, 14, 39-49.

Silva, Ângela Matos (2008), Ergonomia e antropometria : dimensionamento de postos de trabalho em pé. Dissertação de mestrado. Departamento de Economia, Gestão e Engenharia Industrial, Universidade de Aveiro.

# Manuais de referência:

Annis, J.F. & McConville, T. (1990), Applications of anthropometric data in sizing and design, in Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety II, (Ed) B.Das, Taylor & Francis, London, 309-314, 1990.

Jürgens, H.W., Aune, I.A. & Pieper, U. (1990). International data on anthropometry. ILO –Occupational Safety and Health series NO. 65.

Mital, A. (1991), Workspace clearance and access dimensions and design guidelines, in Workspace Equipment and Tool Design, (Eds) A.Mital and W.Karwowski, Elsevier, Amersterdam, 177-204, 1991.

Neufert, Ernst (2004), Arte de Projetar em Arquitetura. 17ª edição. Editora GG.

Nicholson, A. (1991), Anthropometry in workspace design, in Workspace Equipment and Tool Design, (Eds) A.Mital and W.Karwowski, Elsevier, Amersterdam, 3-28.

Norris, B. & Wilson, J.R. (1999). Childata: The Handbook of Child Measurements and Capabilities - Data for Design Safety, Department of Trade and Industry.

Panero, Julius & Zelnik, Martin (2002). Dimensionamento Humano para Espaços Interiores. Editora GG.

Peebles, L. & Norris, B. (1998). Adultdata: The handbook of adult anthropometric and strength measurements : data for design safety. London: Department of Trade and Industry, Government Consumer Safety Research.

Pheasant, S. & Haslegrave, C.M. (2006). Bodyspace: anthropometry, ergonomics, and the design of work. 3 rd edition. CRC Press

Roebuck, J.A. (1995). Anthropometric Methods: Designing to Fit the Human Body. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, California.

Smith, S., Norris, B., & Peebles, L. (2000). Older Adultdata: The handbook of measurements and capabilities of the older adult - data for design safety, Department of Trade and Industry.

# Recursos on-line:

Anthropometric Source Book, (1978)
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA473151

Anthropometry and Biomechanics. Volume I, Section 3, pp. 32-79; NASA-STD-3000 275e
http://msis.jsc.nasa.gov/sections/section03.htm

Anthropometry and Mass Distribution for Human Analogues. Report number ADA304353.pdf http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=A304353&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf

Anthropometry - Data Sources/Databases
http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/anthro.html

Anthrokids - Anthropometric Data of Children (1975 & 1977)
http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/ovrt/projects/anthrokids/

AnthroSources
http://ovrt.nist.gov/anthroindex.html

The Anthropometrics of Disability (pdf) - workshop report. Buffalo, NY in June of 2001
http://www.ap.buffalo.edu/idea/Anthro/The%20Anthropometrics%20of%20Disability.pdf

Body dimensions of the Belgian population
http://www.dinbelg.be/adultstotal.htm

Daams, B.J. (1994), Human force exertion in user-product interaction: backgrounds for design. Dissertation. (pdf)
http://repository.tudelft.nl/file/235613/200809

Nag & Desai, (2003), Hand anthropometry, women in India
http://www.icmr.nic.in/ijmr/2003/0606.pdf

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Body Measurements (Anthropometry).
Westat, Inc.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes3/cdrom/NCHS/MANUALS/ANTHRO.PDF

Open Ergonomics, LTD. - PeopleSize 2008
http://www.openerg.com/

Size China
http://www.sizechina.com/html/

Size UK
http://www.fashion.arts.ac.uk/sizeuk.htm

Strength Data for design safety - Phase 1 URN 00/1070
http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file21830.pdf

Strength Data for design safety - Phase 2 URN 02/744
http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file21827.pdf

# Artigos:

Ali, I. & Nurullah, A. (2009). Estimated anthropometric measurements of Turkish adults and effects of age and geographical regions. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. Article in Press.

Andrew, I., & Manoy, R. (1972). Anthropometric survey of British Rail footplate staff. Applied Ergonomics, 3.3, 132 - 135

Ashizawa, K., Kato, S., Kuki, T., Kusumoto, A., & Tsutsumi, E. (1986). Anthropometrical Data of Japanese Female Students Obtained in Parallel with Moiré Topography. Journal of Human Ergology, 15, 167-169.

Ashizawa, K., Okada, A., Kouchi,M., Horino, S. & Kikuchi, Y. (1994). Anthropometrical Data of Middle-Aged Japanese Women for Industrial Design Applications. Journal of Human Ergology, 23, 73-80

Barkla, D. (1961). The Estimation of Body Measurements of British Population in Relation to Seat Design. Ergonomics, 4, 123-132.

Bolstad, G., Benum, B., Rokne, A. (2001). Anthropometry of Norwegian light industry and office workers. Applied Ergonomics, 32, 239-246.

Borkan, G.A., Hults, D.E., & Glynn, R.J. (1983). Role of Longitudinal Change and Secular Trend in Age Differences in Male Body Dimensions. Human Biology, 55(3), 629-641.

Branton, P. (1984). Backshapes of seated persons - how close can the interface be designed? Applied Ergonomics, 15.2,105 -107.

Buchholz, B., & Armstrong, T.J. (1991). An Ellipsoidal Representation of Human Hand Anthropometry. Human Factors, 33(4), 429-441.

Burandt, U., Pösselt, C., Ambrozus, S., Hosenfeld, M., & Knauff,V. (1991). Anthropometric contribution to standardising manikins for artificial-head microphones and to measuring headphones and ear protectors. Applied Ergonomics, 22.6, 373-378.

Chandler, P.J., & Bock, R.D. (1991). Age changes in adult stature: trend estimation from mixed longitudinal data. Annals of Human Biology, 18(5), 433-440.

Cheng-Ye, J., Seiji, O. & Naohiko, N. (1991). The geographic clustering of body size of Chinese children aged 7 years. Annals of Human Biology, 18(2), 137-153.

Courtney, A.J. (1984). Hand anthropometry of Hong Kong Chinese females compared to other ethnic groups. Ergonomics, 27(11), 1169-1180.

Courtney, A.J., & Ng, M.K. (1984). Hong Kong female hand dimensions and machine guarding. Ergonomics, 27(2), 187-193.

Culver, C.C., & Viano, D.C. (1990). Anthropometry of a Seated Woman during Pregnancy: Defining a Fetal Region for Crash Protection Research. Human Factors, 32(6), 625-636.

Damon, A., & Stoudt, H.W. (1963). The functional anthropometry of old men. Human Factors, 485-491.

Davies, B.T., Abada, A., Benson, K., Courtney, A., & Minto, I. (1980). A comparison of hand anthropometry of females in three ethnic groups. Ergonomics, 23(2), 179-182.

Davies, B.T., Abada, A., Benson, K., Courtney, A., & Minto, I. (1980). Female hand dimensions & guarding of machines. Ergonomics, 23(1),79-84.

Eveleth, P.B. (1972). An Anthropometric Study of Northeastern Brazilians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 37, pp 223-232.

Fernandez, J.E., Malzahn, D.E., Eyada, O.K., & Kim, C.H. (1989). Anthropometry of Korean female industrial workers.Ergonomics, 32(5), 491-495.

Fernandez, Jeffrey E. (1995). Ergonomics in the workplace. Facilities, 13(4), 20-27

Gaito, J., & Gifford, E.C. (1958). Components of Variance in Anthropometry. Human Biology, 30, 120-127.

Gallwey, T.J., & Fitzgibbon, M.J. (1991). Some anthropometric measures on an Irish population. Applied Ergonomics, 22.1, 9-12.

Garret, J.W. (1971). The Adult Human Hand: Some Anthropometric and Biomechanical Considerations. Human Factors, 13(2), 117-131.

Gilbert, B.G., Hahn, H.A., Gilmore,W., & Schurman, D.L. (1988). Thumbs Up: Anthropometry of the first digit. Human Factors, 30(6), 747-750.

Goswami, A., Ganguli, S., & Chatterjee, B.B. (1987). Anthropometric characteristics of disabled and normal Indian men. Ergonomics, 30(5),817-823.

Gouvali, M. K. & Boudolos, K. (2006). Match between school furniture dimensions and children's anthropometry. Applied Ergonomics, 37, 765-773.

Hagg, U., & Taranger, J. (1991). Height & height velocity in early, average and late maturers followed to the age of 25: a prospective longitudinal study of Swedish urban children from birth to adulthood. Annals of Human Biology, 18(1), 47-56.

Harrison, J., & Marshall, W.A. (1970). Normal Standards for the Relationships Between the Lengths of Limbs and of Limb Segments in Young British Women: a Photogrammetric Study. Human Biology, 42, 90-104.

Haslegrave, C.M. (1980). Anthropometric profile of the British car driver. Ergonomics, 23(5), 437 - 467 .

Haslegrave, C.M. (1986). Characterising the anthropometric extremes of the population. Ergonomics, 29(2), 281-301.

Hutchinson, T.P., & Haslegrave, C.M. (1980). Determination of patterns of human body measurements by use of partial correlations. Ergonomics, 23(5), 475-483.

Inglemark, B,E., & Lewin, T. (1968). Anthropometrical studies on Swedish women. Acta Morphologica Neerland-Scandinavia, 3 (2), 145-166.

Kayis, B., & Özok, A.F. (1991). Anthropometric survey among Turkish primary school children. Applied Ergonomics, 22.1, 55-56.

Kayis, B., & Özok, A.F. (1991). The anthropometry of Turkish army men. Applied Ergonomics, 22.1, 49-54.

Kelly, F.L., & Kroemer, K.H.E. (1990). Anthropometry of the Elderly: Status and Recommendations. Human Factors, 32(5), 571-595.

Kopczynski, J. (1972). Height and Weight of an Adult Cracow Population. Epidemiological Review, 26, 251-262.

Kroemer, K.H.E. (1989). Engineering Anthropometry. Ergonomics, 32(7), 767-784.

Lee, Sang-Do (1978). A study of the differences and characteristics between the nations, in the measured values of the human body and the working area. International Journal of Production Research, 16(4), 335-347.

Lewin, T. (1969). Anthropometric Studies on Swedish Industrial Workers when Standing and Sitting. Ergonomics, 12(6), 883-902

Li, C-C., Hwang, S-L., & Wang, M-Y. (1990). Static Anthropometry of Civilian Chinese in Taiwan using Computer-Analysed Photography. Human Factors, 32(3), 359-370.

Lin, Y-C., Wang, M-J.J. & Wang. E.M. (2004). The comparisons of anthropometric characteristics among four peoples in East Asia. Applied Ergonomics 35, 173–178.

McClelland, I., & Ward, J. (1976). Ergonomics in Relation to Sanitary Ware Design. Ergonomics, 19(4), 465-478.

Mokdad, M., (2002). Antrhopometric study of Algerian farmers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29, 331-341.

Molenbroek, J.F.M. (1987). Anthropometry of elderly people in the Netherlands; research and applications. Applied Ergonomics,18.3, 187-199.

Moustafa, A.W., Davies, B.T., Darwich, M.S., Ibraheem, M.A. (1987). Anthropometric study of Egyptian women. Ergonomics, 30(7), 1089-1098.

Noppa, H., Andersson, M., Bengtsson, C., Bruce, Å., Isaksson, B. (1980). Longitudinal studies of anthropometric data and body composition. The population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33, 155-162.

Nowak, E. (1996). The role of anthropometry in design of work and life environments of the disabled population, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 17, 113-121

Ohyama, S., Hisanaga, A., Inamasu, Y., Yamamoto, A., Hirata, M. & Ishinishi, N. (1987). Some Secular Changes in Body Height and Proportion of Japanese Medical Students. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 73, 179-183.

Parsons, K.C. (1995), Ergonomics and international standards- Introduction, brief review of standards for anthropometry and control room design, and useful information. Applied Ergonomics, 26(4), 239-247.

Pheasant, S.T. (1982). A technique for estimating anthropometric data from the parameters of the distribution of stature. Ergonomics, 25(11), 981 - 992.

Pheasant, S.T. (1982). Anthropometric estimates for British civilian adults. Ergonomics. 25(11), 993-1001.

Picón-Reátegui,E., Buskirk,E.R., Doi,K., Kuroshima,A., Hiroshige,T. (1979). Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition of Ainu and other Japanese: Comparison with other Racial Groups.American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 50, 393-400.

Roberts, D.F. (1960). Functional Anthropometry of Elderly Women. Ergonomics, 3, 321-328.
Rona, R.J., & Altman, D.G. (1977). National study of Health and Growth: Standards of attained height, weight and triceps skinfold in English children 5 to 11 years old. Annals of Human Biology, 4(6), 501-523.

Stoudt, H.W. (1981). The Anthropometry of the Elderly. Human Factors 1981, 23(1), 29-37.

Tanner, J.M., Hayashi, T., Preece, M.A. & Cameron, N. (1982). Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: comparison with British and with Japanese Americans. Annals of Human Biology, 9 (5), 411-423.

Victor , V. M., Nath, S. & Verma, A. (2002). Anthropometric survey of Indian farm workers to approach ergonomics in agricultural machinery design. Applied Ergonomics, 33 (6), 579-58

Ward, J.S. & Kirk, N.S. (1967). Anthropometry of Elderly Women. Ergonomics, 10 (1), 17-24.

Yamana,N., Okabe,K., Nakano,C., Zenitani,Y. & Saita,T. (1984). The body form of pregnant women in monthly transitions. Japanese Journal of Ergonomics, 2, pp 171 - 178.
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